#030

Ph.D

I registered for my graduation, and had to provide a 50 character summary of my research topic, to be read out by the presenter. Sadly, the actual thesis isn’t quite that concise.

Work

I started on the Bravigation (Brexit Navigation / Making Brexit Content Easier To Find) team on Monday, which involved moving to the other (much cooler) end of the office. I keep walking past things and turning at the wrong places, but I’m sure I’ll get used to it. There were a lot of team kickoff things, and when they weren’t happening I mostly continued some search tidy-up work remaining from last quarter.
We had a few more issues with search this week, so on Thursday and Friday I was taken away from my new team and put onto a temporary search reliability / performance investigation team. We spent the two days going through the full stack—AWS managed Elasticsearch, search-api, and finder-frontend—looking for areas of improvement. We found two pretty bad issues:
1. Our Elasticsearch cluster didn’t have adequate resources and so queries were sometimes taking up to two seconds to execute, and we’d not spotted this previously because nobody was familiar enough with it. Each individual query was running in about 20ms, but the queue of queries sometimes grew to 100. We fixed this by adding a few more nodes to the cluster.
2. Our nginx timeout was set to 15s, but our unicorn timeout was 60s. This means that if a request took longer than 15s to process, nginx would time out (and try a different unicorn worker) but the original unicorn would keep on processing the request. This is pretty bad, because it means that a small batch of slow requests can result in all of the unicorn workers tied up processing things nginx has given up on. If there are no free unicorn workers, nginx has to drop connections.
Put together, these explained the issue we were seeing of a very small increase in load resulting in a dramatic increase in errors. A small increase in load to Elasticsearch resulted in queries taking a couple of extra seconds, which made search-api slower to respond to finder-frontend, which made finder-frontend slower, which made nginx start timing out, which caused the pool of unicorn workers to rapidly be exhausted. And then search breaks for everyone.

We scaled up the Elasticsearch cluster on Thursday, and on Friday could see that it was performing significantly better than previously. We changed the unicorn timeout on Friday, though with Elasticsearch performing better it’s a less significant problem. The main lesson to take away from this is to be quite careful with the performance of API-style apps, as small problems can have a significant knock-on effect.

Miscellaneous

NixOS 19.03 came out. Upgrading to it just worked. A part of me yearns for my old Ubuntu days, where a dist upgrade was a scary process with a real chance of trashing your set-up if you did anything even remotely non-trivial. Where’s the fun in things just working?
What didn’t just work was deploying exactly the same Concourse configuration I have on dunwich to nyarlathotep. I thought one of the selling points of containers is that they’re trivial to deploy reproducibly, but…
I made a list of all the changes I wanted to make to BookDB, and the list turned out to be pretty long. Addressing all the changes with the current codebase would almost be a complete rewrite, so I’ve decided to just do that. I’m going to use this as an opportunity to learn Phoenix, a popular Elixir web framework. A lot of the changes I want are interface changes, so I’m also going to pick up some Vue. This will be the third time BookDB has been totally rewritten in a different language: Python (from the Haskell original), then back to Haskell, now Elixir.

Ph.D

Work

Miscellaneous

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